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Surficial stability analysis of soil slope under seepage based on a novel failure mode

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 712-726 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0729-5

摘要： Normally, the edge effects of surficial landslides are not considered in the infinite slope method for surficial stability analysis of soil slopes. In this study, the limit stress state and discrimination equation of an infinite slope under saturated seepage flow were analyzed based on the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion. Therefore, a novel failure mode involving three sliding zones (upper tension zone, middle shear sliding zone, and lower compression zone) was proposed. Accordingly, based on the limit equilibrium analysis, a semi-analytical framework considering the edge effect for the surficial stability of a soil slope under downslope seepage was established. Subsequently, the new failure mode was verified via a numerical finite element analysis based on the reduced strength theory with ABAQUS and some simplified methods using SLIDE software. The results obtained by the new failure mode agree well with those obtained by the numerical analysis and traditional simplified methods, and can be efficiently used to assess the surficial stability of soil slopes under rainwater seepage. Finally, an evaluation of the infinite slope method was performed using the semi-analytical method proposed in this study. The results show that the infinite slope tends to be conservative because the edge effect is neglected, particularly when the ratio of surficial slope length to depth is relatively small.

关键词： soil slope     seepage     surficial failure mode     stress state     edge effects    

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Stability analysis of a high loess slope reinforced by the combination system of soil nails and stabilization

Jiu-jiang WU,Qian-gong CHENG,Xin LIANG,Jian-Lei CAO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 252-259 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0260-z

摘要： While the soil nails and the corresponding compound technology are widely used as the support techniques for deep foundation pit and normal slopes, few related engineering cases are found for high loess slopes. By utilizing the finite element software of PLAXIS 8.5, the behavior of a high loess slope reinforced by the combination of soil nails and stabilization piles (hereinafter for CSNSP) is studied in this paper. It can be found that the potential slide surface of the slope moves to deeper locations during the process of the multi-staged excavations. The measure of reducing the weight of the top of the slope is a positive factor to the stability of the loess slope, while the rainfall is a negative factor. The slope can’t be stable if it’s reinforced only by stabilization piles or soil nails during the process of the multi-staged excavations. The soil nail contributes greater to the overall system stability when the excavation depth is relatively shallow, while the stabilization pile takes it over when the excavation depth reaches a large value. Compared to the results from the Sweden circular slip surface, the data derived from the method of phi/c reduction is relatively large when the slope is unreinforced or reinforced only by stabilization pile, and the data turns to be small when the slope is strengthened by soil nails or the combination system of soil nails and stabilization piles.

关键词： high loess slope     CSNSP     PLAXIS     phi/c strength reduction method     Sweden circular slip surface    

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Geotechnical forensic investigation of a slope failure on silty clay soil—A case study

Mohammad Abubakar NAVEED, Zulfiqar ALI, Abdul QADIR, Umar Naveed LATIF, Saad HAMID, Umar SARWAR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 501-517 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0610-y

摘要： Qila Bala Hisar is one of the noteworthy places of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The fort was constructed on a filled ground during the 18th century and it was renovated several times by the occupants ever since. Recently, due to an earthquake of magnitude 7.3, the upper part of the south-western wall of the fort collapsed. The collapse of the wall was attributed to the failure of the retained slope. This research was undertaken to characterize the slope material, study causal factors of failure and evaluate remedial strategy. The investigation involved conventional field and laboratory testing and geophysical investigation using electrical resistivity technique to evaluate the nature of stratum. Also, X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to study the slope material at a molecular level to evaluate the existence of swelling potential. The analysis has shown that excessive seepage of water caused by the poor maintenance of runoff and sewage drains is the causal factor triggered by the seismic event. A remedial strategy involving soil nails, micro piles and improvement of the surface drainage is recommended.

关键词： forensic geotechnical investigation     slope failure     slope analysis     finite element method     numerical analysis     seismic loading     Qila Bala Hisar    

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New pseudo-dynamic analysis of two-layered cohesive-friction soil slope and its numerical validation

Suman HAZARI, Sima GHOSH, Richi Prasad SHARMA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 1492-1508 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0679-3

摘要： Natural slopes consist of non-homogeneous soil profiles with distinct characteristics from slopes made of homogeneous soil. In this study, the limit equilibrium modified pseudo-dynamic method is used to analyze the stability of two-layered soil slopes in which the failure surface is assumed to be a logarithmic spiral. The zero-stress boundary condition at the ground surface under the seismic loading condition is satisfied. New formulations derived from an analytical method are proposed for the predicting the seismic response in two-layered soil. A detailed parametric study was performed in which various parameters (seismic accelerations, damping, cohesion, and angle of internal friction) were varied. The results of the present method were compared with those in the available literature. The present analytical analysis was also verified against the finite element analysis results.

关键词： layered soil     limit equilibrium method     seismic analysis     damping     PLAXIS    

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Stability analysis of layered slopes in unsaturated soils

Guangyu DAI; Fei ZHANG; Yuke WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 378-387 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0808-2

摘要： This study presents stability analyses of layered soil slopes in unsaturated conditions and uses a limit equilibrium method to determine the factor of safety involving suction stress of unsaturated soil. One-dimensional steady infiltration and evaporation conditions are considered in the stability analyses. An example of a two-layered slope in clay and silt is selected to verify the used method by comparing with the results of other methods. Parametric analyses are conducted to explore the influences of the matric suction on the stability of layered soil slopes. The obtained results show that larger suction stress provided in unsaturated clay dominates the stability of the layered slopes. Therefore, the location and thickness of the clay layer have significant influences on slope stability. As the water level decreases, the factor of safety reduces and then increases gradually in most cases. Infiltration/evaporation can obviously affect the stability of unsaturated layered slopes, but their influences depend on the soil property and thickness of the lower soil layer.

关键词： slope stability     suction stress     unsaturated soil     layered slope     limit equilibrium    

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Effects of alfalfa coverage on runoff, erosion and hydraulic characteristics of overland flow on loess slope

Shufang WU, Pute WU, Hao FENG, G. P. Merkley

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 76-83 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0282-x

摘要： An evaluation of the interactions between vegetation, overland and soil erosion can provide valuable insight for the conservation of soil and water. An experiment was conducted to study water infiltration, runoff generation process, rate of sediment erosion, and hydrodynamic characteristics of overland flow from a sloping hillside with different draw-off discharges from alfalfa and control plots with 20° slope. The effect of alfalfa on runoff and sediment transport reduction was quantitatively analyzed. Alfalfa was discussed for its ability to reduce the overland flow scouring force or change the runoff movement. Compared to the bare-soil plots, alfalfa plots generated a 1.77 times increase in infiltration rate. Furthermore, the down-slope water infiltration rate for the bare soil plots was higher than in the up-slope, while the opposite was found in the alfalfa plots. In addition, alfalfa had a significant effect on runoff and sediment yield. In comparison to the control, the runoff coefficient and sediment transportation rate decreased by 28.3% and 78.4% in the grass slope, respectively. The runoff generated from the alfalfa and bare-soil plots had similar trends with an initial increase and subsequent leveling to a steady-state rate. The transport of sediment reduced with time as a consequence of the depletion of loose surface materials. The maximum sediment concentration was recorded within the first few minutes of each event. The alfalfa plots had subcritical flow while the bare-soil plots had supercritical flow, which indicate that the capability of the alfalfa slope for resisting soil erosion and sediment movement was greater than for bare soil plots. Moreover, the flow resistance coefficient and roughness coefficient for the alfalfa plots were both higher than for the bare-soil plots, which indicate that overland flow in alfalfa plots had retarded and was blocked, and the flow energy along the runoff path had gradually dissipated. Finally, the ability to erode and transport sediment had decreased.

关键词： alfalfa     soil erosion     runoff and sedimentation     soil water infiltration     overland flow     hydrodynamic characteristics    

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Evaluation of the stability of terraced slopes in clayey gravel soil using a novel numerical technique

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 796-811 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0922-9

摘要： Conventional geotechnical software limits the use of the strength reduction method (SRM) based on the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion to analyze the slope safety factor (SF). The use of this constitutive model is impractical for predicting the behavior of all soil types. In the present study, an innovative numerical technique based on SRM was developed to determine SF using the finite element method and considering the extended Cam–clay constitutive model for clayey gravel soil as opposed to the Mohr–Coulomb model. In this regard, a novel user subroutine code was employed in ABAQUS to reduce the stabilizing forces to determine the failure surfaces and resist and drive shear stresses on a slope. After validating the proposed technique, it was employed to investigate the performance of terraced slopes in the context of a case study. The impacts of geometric parameters and different water table elevations on the SF were examined. The results indicated that an increase in the upper and lower slope heights led to a decrease in SF, and a slight increase in the horizontal offset led to an increase in the SF. Moreover, when the water table elevation was lower than the toe of the terraced slope, the SF increased because of the increase in the uplift force as a resistant component.

关键词： terraced slope     safety factor     finite element method     ABAQUS     extended Cam–clay    

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Effect of a less permeable stronger soil layer on the stability of non-homogeneous unsaturated slopes

Nabarun DEY, Aniruddha SENGUPTA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 1462-1475 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0674-8

摘要： Slope failure occurs due to an increase in the saturation level and a subsequent decrease in matric suction in unsaturated soil. This paper presents the results of a series of centrifuge experiments and numerical analyses on a 55° inclined unsaturated sandy slope with less permeable, stronger silty sand layer inclusion within it. It is observed that a less permeable, stronger silty sand layer in an otherwise homogeneous sandy soil slope hinders the infiltration of water. The water content of the slope just above the stronger layer increases significantly, compared to elsewhere. No shear band is found to initiate in a homogeneous sandy soil slope, whereas for a non-homogeneous slope, they initiate just above the less pervious, stronger layer. A discontinuity of the shear zone is also observed for the case of a non-homogeneous soil slope. The factor of safety of a non-homogeneous, unsaturated soil slope decreases because of the less permeable, stronger layer. It decreases significantly if this less permeable, stronger soil layer is located near the toe of the slope.

关键词： non-homogeneous slope     stronger soil layer     factor of safety     centrifuge model test     unsaturated soils    

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土坡稳定分析应力状态新方法的过程解析

王国体,王婉娣

《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第1期   页码 52-55

摘要：

依据土体应力状态、计算边坡稳定安全系数的思想，结合对土体根本性质的认识，对基本假定、公式推导过程和工程应用进行了详细的说明。由于土坡稳定安全系数的计算公式在理论分析依据是严密的，推证得到的计算公式是正确的，所以在工程实用是可靠的。文章为该方法的工程应用和深入开展相关的研究奠定坚实的基础。

关键词： 土坡稳定分析方法     应力状态     稳定安全系数    

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LSSVM-based approach for refining soil failure criteria and calculating safety factor of slopes

Shiguo XIAO; Shaohong LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期   页码 871-881 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0863-8

摘要： The failure criteria of practical soil mass are very complex, and have significant influence on the safety factor of slope stability. The Coulomb strength criterion and the power-law failure criterion are classically simplified. Each one has limited applicability owing to the noticeable difference between calculated predictions and actual results in some cases. In the work reported here, an analysis method based on the least square support vector machine (LSSVM), a machine learning model, is purposefully provided to establish a complex nonlinear failure criterion via iteration computation based on strength test data of the soil, which is of more extensive applicability to many problems of slope stability. In particular, three evaluation indexes including coefficient of determination, mean absolute percentage error, and mean square error indicate that fitting precision of the machine learning-based failure criterion is better than those of the linear Coulomb criterion and nonlinear power-law criterion. Based on the proposed LSSVM approach to determine the failure criterion, the limit equilibrium method can be used to calculate the safety factor of three-dimensional slope stability. Analysis of results of the safety factor of two three-dimensional homogeneous slopes shows that the maximum relative errors between the proposed approach and the linear failure criterion-based method and the power-law failure criterion-based method are about 12% and 7%, respectively.

关键词： slope stability     safety factor     failure criterion     least square support vector machine    

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非饱和土坡危险含水量分析

张士林,王冬梅,李根华

《中国工程科学》 2004年 第6卷 第5期   页码 71-75

摘要：

介绍了由于雨水入渗，使非饱和土坡的含水量发生变化，而含水量正是与基质吸力有着直接的联系；同时通过分析条件水压力和非饱和土的容重与含水量的变化规律，得到基质吸力、饱和度、非饱和土容重与整个土坡的稳定性规律，也就是安全系数与含水量分布的规律。得出当土坡处于危险状况下的含水量分布，即当土坡中的含水量达到危险含水量时，土坡处于危险状态。因此，通过监测土坡的含水量的变化，获得土坡的稳定信息，为生产和安全提供保障。

关键词： 非饱和土     稳定性分析     降雨入渗     体积含水量     基质吸力    

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Bioengineering protection mechanism of city rock slope and its laboratory test

Desong JIANG, Minghua ZHAO, Chong JIANG,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 414-421 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0055-9

摘要： Based on the features of rock slope bioengineering protection, the ecology protection mechanism of the urban rock slope was discussed with the mechanics effect of plants and rock slope, and the reinforcement action mechanism of rock slope by plant root system was analyzed as well. Then, the corresponding mechanical model was proposed, from which the formula to calculate the increased shearing strength of the root system-earth compound body was derived. Moreover, the side slope rainfall interception, the runoff lagging, the soil antiseepage, and the soil layer consolidating effect were studied, respectively. Furthermore, the indoor model experiment of urban crag rock slope ecology protection was designed and completed, in which various grasses to plant in slope with different angles, solid earth forms, and the different strengthening earth mechanism were studied. Finally, the present method was applied in an engineering project, from which the antiwashing behavior of three kind of grasses (i.e., the Bahiagrass, the tall fescue, and the Bermudagrass) planted in the slope with an angle of 38°, 48°, and 58°, respectively, and different strengthening structures (i.e., the diamond wire netting, the geocell and the three-dimensional network) were obtained. The application results also show that the effect of geocell structure is the best one followed by the three-dimensional net and the diamond wire net. The antiwashing capability per unit area has a critical slope angle of about 25°. The reinforcing effect of Bermudagrass is better than the Bahiagrass and tall fescue.

关键词： indoor     engineering project     protection mechanism     different     runoff lagging    

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以土体应力状态计算边坡安全系数的方法

王国体

《中国工程科学》 2006年 第8卷 第12期   页码 80-84

摘要：

土坡的稳定分析一直是沿着条分法的思路发展的。由于对土体应力状态条件的忽视和条分法本身的缺陷，使得条分法得到的安全系数在工程中的应用面临激烈的挑战。土体不同条件下的应力状态表现为K0效应和变化，它对坡体的安全度影响不可忽视。笔者以考虑土体应力状态为条件，应用土的库伦强度定律和摩尔-库伦准则，推导出平面土坡的安全系数计算公式，与条分法的安全系数对比结果说明这种方法具有概念明确、计算简便、定性可靠的重要特点，可以直接提供于工程应用和参考。

关键词： 侧应力系数K0     初始应力状态     稳定安全系数公式    

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Efficiency of scalar and vector intensity measures for seismic slope displacements

Gang WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 44-52 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0138-x

摘要： Ground motion intensity measures are usually used to predict the earthquake-induced displacements in earth dams, soil slopes and soil structures. In this study, the efficiency of various single ground motion intensity measures (scalar ) or a combination of them (vector ) are investigated using the PEER-NGA strong motion database and an equivalent-linear sliding-mass model. Although no single intensity measure is efficient enough for all slope conditions, the spectral acceleration at 1.5 times of the initial slope period and Arias intensity of the input motion are found to be the most efficient scalar for flexible slopes and stiff slopes respectively. Vector can incorporate different characteristics of the ground motion and thus significantly improve the efficiency over a wide range of slope conditions. Among various vector considered, the spectral accelerations at multiple spectral periods achieve high efficiency for a wide range of slope conditions. This study provides useful guidance to the development of more efficient empirical prediction models as well as the ground motion selection criteria for time domain analysis of seismic slope displacements.

关键词： seismic slope displacements     intensity measures     empirical prediction    

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Evaluation and prediction of slope stability using machine learning approaches

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 821-833 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0742-8

摘要： In this paper, the machine learning (ML) model is built for slope stability evaluation and meets the high precision and rapidity requirements in slope engineering. Different ML methods for the factor of safety (FOS) prediction are studied and compared hoping to make the best use of the large variety of existing statistical and ML regression methods collected. The data set of this study includes six characteristics, namely unit weight, cohesion, internal friction angle, slope angle, slope height, and pore water pressure ratio. The whole ML model is primarily divided into data preprocessing, outlier processing, and model evaluation. In the data preprocessing, the duplicated data are first removed, then the outliers are filtered by the LocalOutlierFactor method and finally, the data are standardized. 11 ML methods are evaluated for their ability to learn the FOS based on different input parameter combinations. By analyzing the evaluation indicators R 2, MAE, and MSE of these methods, SVM, GBR, and Bagging are considered to be the best regression methods. The performance and reliability of the nonlinear regression method are slightly better than that of the linear regression method. Also, the SVM-poly method is used to analyze the susceptibility of slope parameters.

关键词： slope stability     factor of safety     regression     machine learning     repeated cross-validation    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Surficial stability analysis of soil slope under seepage based on a novel failure mode

期刊论文

Stability analysis of a high loess slope reinforced by the combination system of soil nails and stabilization

Jiu-jiang WU,Qian-gong CHENG,Xin LIANG,Jian-Lei CAO

期刊论文

Geotechnical forensic investigation of a slope failure on silty clay soil—A case study

Mohammad Abubakar NAVEED, Zulfiqar ALI, Abdul QADIR, Umar Naveed LATIF, Saad HAMID, Umar SARWAR

期刊论文

New pseudo-dynamic analysis of two-layered cohesive-friction soil slope and its numerical validation

Suman HAZARI, Sima GHOSH, Richi Prasad SHARMA

期刊论文

Stability analysis of layered slopes in unsaturated soils

Guangyu DAI; Fei ZHANG; Yuke WANG

期刊论文

Effects of alfalfa coverage on runoff, erosion and hydraulic characteristics of overland flow on loess slope

Shufang WU, Pute WU, Hao FENG, G. P. Merkley

期刊论文

Evaluation of the stability of terraced slopes in clayey gravel soil using a novel numerical technique

期刊论文

Effect of a less permeable stronger soil layer on the stability of non-homogeneous unsaturated slopes

Nabarun DEY, Aniruddha SENGUPTA

期刊论文

土坡稳定分析应力状态新方法的过程解析

王国体,王婉娣

期刊论文

LSSVM-based approach for refining soil failure criteria and calculating safety factor of slopes

Shiguo XIAO; Shaohong LI

期刊论文

非饱和土坡危险含水量分析

张士林,王冬梅,李根华

期刊论文

Bioengineering protection mechanism of city rock slope and its laboratory test

Desong JIANG, Minghua ZHAO, Chong JIANG,

期刊论文

以土体应力状态计算边坡安全系数的方法

王国体

期刊论文

Efficiency of scalar and vector intensity measures for seismic slope displacements

Gang WANG

期刊论文

Evaluation and prediction of slope stability using machine learning approaches

期刊论文